The locative adjectives (rather adverbials of

place) come at the end correlating to the direction of the target., just as a target is by definition something it is at the end of a process in the same place or world. I want to make use of the pronoun before using the verb noun before combining it for the same subject.

A billion different interpretations because “all over” is not really a grammatically formal construct, like roundabout. Formalism are in fact used to be very precise and avoid inaccuracies. If anything you have to quantify the imprecision. If you have some context, you don’t need it for us to help you.

Where we heard

language affects the direct object (accusative case) all over society.

The verb is transitive requiring a direct object but “all over our society” is not a noun phrase and as such couldn’t be the direct object. What does it affect all over society?

“all over” is a preposition linking the verb and the indirect object, “society”, so it’s quite fine in the middle, and the whole description of place is still at the end.

Etc.

The word society is a metaphorical personification of an abstract concept, that works very well, because it means actual persons. It’s inherently subjective, because you don’t say what property of these persons is actually affected, and because persons are actual subjects. I said, you might instead want to highlight the object that is actually affected. What is the theory that language affects society? I’ll ignore that because you didn’t add context to the expression, because then society affects itself and language affects itself too. I’ll say that affect has an emotional lexical aspect, it is subjective, not objective. Language just has effect on subjects; language as object rather has effect on subjects: “All of our society is affected by language” which can be turned into a metaphor “Language has an effect on all of our society”. I say meta- because the language is still used by the person so that sentence is on the meta level, which is fitting because language about language is necessarily on the meta level.

What’s the simplest correct case would

be that Language affects our society.

From your perspective, you could say “all of our society” in the abstract sense, or “everyone in our society” in the personal sense.

“All over” can be used as an adverbial of place meaning ” everywhere” then it should come at the end as well; this would emphasise that society is not bound to a place, which makes it a grammatically correct contradiction, which can be used as rhetorical device to solve a paradox by proof by contradiction. Simply speaking, this would put emphasize on the negation of a previously assumed fact (“assumed fact” is likewise an oxymoron… ).

Assuming “affects everything in/of our society” cannot be used to replace ” everything” in your sentence, then your sentence is correct, but most certainly not directly true, and to be unspecific I would instead still prefer “affects our society”. “all over” is listed as a pronoun, too, but I think it’s in informal style. First recommendation. “our all over society” would be the one to use. Our all around being the colloquially idiomatic combination of these pronouns. Compare similar terminology to formal compound pronouns. “Language affects itself”, which highlights the recursive nature of language, but isn’t useful without termination. If the terminating end condition is implicit, the entire sentence could be implicit and I would leave it out.