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  • Asked on March 17, 2021 in Meaning.

    Pain causes anxiety (unconsciousness) because the patient is anxious for the pain to end (animals reinforce pain). Can you relax while anxious? What is the best way to stop fixated on one day, when the pain will cease? Instead of doing things, turn your mind to other things for a

    long time.

    • 850874 views
    • 7 answers
    • 313976 votes
  • Asked on March 15, 2021 in Meaning.

    What were some bad words, including “The Arithmetic of Word Ladders (in Rudolph Castown’s article)”? Word Ways 1 (1968) 165-159. English. Word Ways is a journal of word games, or recreational linguistics. What is an article in the Vulture of the Art of Computer Programming

    Vol.4A?

    • 899743 views
    • 3 answers
    • 334702 votes
  • Asked on March 15, 2021 in Meaning.

    What were some bad words, including “The Arithmetic of Word Ladders (in Rudolph Castown’s article)”? Word Ways 1 (1968) 165-159. English. Word Ways is a journal of word games, or recreational linguistics. What is an article in the Vulture of the Art of Computer Programming

    Vol.4A?

    • 899743 views
    • 3 answers
    • 334702 votes
  • Asked on March 11, 2021 in Grammar.

    Divide Questions in English in to three basic groups:

    1. Polar (yes/no) questions
    2. Content questions where the questioned element is the subject
    3. Content questions where the questioned element is not the subject

    Examples of direct questions of types 1–3.

    1. Why did Thomas buy a dog?
    2. Who bought a dog?
    3. Why did Thomas Jones buy his product?

    Example direct questions of types 1 & 3 and 4 in Microsoft Word.

    1. Thomas had a dog, but we don’t know if his dad bought a dog. This discovery was intentional. I don’t know him either.
    2. Who bought my dog?
    3. What is Thomas’ favorite item?

    Direct questions of type 1 and 3 require direct support (if no other auxiliary is present). In indirect questions of type 1 use the special interrogative word whether. In English, you normally add a question mark at the end of a sentence. It justifies the lack of confidence in people asking questions. What should I do in my second sentence?

    • 963012 views
    • 1 answers
    • 360153 votes
  • Asked on March 3, 2021 in Other.

    This quote is from Abercrombie’s book 5 years in phonetics.

    In the US phonetic notation has had a peculiar history. Bloomfield used IPA notation in his early book An Introduction to the Study of Language, 1914, and in the English edition of his more famous language, 1935. But since then, a strange hostility has been shown by many American linguists to IPA notation, especially to certain icons.

    Amatalah: An interesting and significant story was once told by Carl Voegelin during a symposium held in New York in 1952 on the present state of anthropology. In the 1940s, he had been being taught in polemics by a’stylist’, who cut out all letters in his ships with the IPA as his symbol. And kept me up for 2 1/2 years. He told his story about how he was being taught by a “stylist Dane” who treated him like a citizen. What was the meaning of those symbols in various American Indian languages? When Sapir saw the work he “simply blew up”, Voegelin said, and demanded that in future Voegelin should use “swipe”, (as was called), instead of the IPA symbol.

    What is the difference between the s-edge and esh in handwriting?

    What is the main reason Howie Aronson cited in a class, relating it to the tradition of doing fieldwork versus creating nice printed books. When I’m making my books I use them as a reference and that is my typical English class. How does Abercrombie relate the IPA to American exceptionalism, infelicitously conflating “Americanist” with “American”. Fortunately, you don’t utilize “esh” but, rather, curly tailed

    c. The above data would show a curly to long string like what you write.

    • 1124002 views
    • 4 answers
    • 416681 votes
  • Asked on March 2, 2021 in Grammar.

    The sentence you elect for consideration is a construction where two degrees are asserted to be commensurate.

    Is this not because my words are terrible

    but Because, as Shakespeare said, I am so much better than my word than my promise. I “further

    falsify men’s hope”?

    The construction works because it is easy to identify the two quantities being compared.

    In the sample sentence, quant in the standard of comparison the extent that John and Jane are willing to let go of and show themselves for who they are] and is easy enough to identify.

    In the clause containing the object of comparison,

    “…be free to enjoy a true marriage and enter honestly into the sacred covenant

    there is ambiguous in the quantity to be considered. As a human being, it could be their feeling of freedom which is equal in extent to their willingness to drop pretenses, etc. From what I have read about your willingness to drop pretenses, or it could be the truth-level of their marriage and the honesty-level with which they enter into the sacred covenant which is equally in extent to their willingness to drop pretenses, etc.

    Or, use less embedding in the second sentence to make it easier to understand.

    • 1198767 views
    • 4 answers
    • 422913 votes
  • Asked on February 27, 2021 in Other.

    In a paper on the exact construction by Ghomeshi and al (2004), it’s called contrastive focus reduplication. Natural Languages & Linguistic Theory 22: 307–357, 2004.

    EDIT
    The paper is 52 pages long, the following extracts are taken from the first 8 pages long.

    ENGLISH SUSPENSION: CONTRASTIVE FOCUS REDUPLICATION
    (THE SALAD-SALAD PAPER)

    ABSTRACT. This paper presents a phenomenon of colloquial English that we call Contrastive Reduplication (CR), involving the copying of words and sometimes phrases as in It’s tuna salad not Salad-salad, or Do you LIKE-him-like him? Drawing on a corpus of examples gathered from natural speech, written texts, and TV scripts, we demonstrate that CR restricts the interpretation of the copied element to a’real’ or prototypical reading. g)

    Examples of this construction are

    (1)a. h. (a). I’ll make the tuna salad, you make the salsa. Thanks! What
    is LIKE, EM-like EM? I want to pay store credit for a certain amount (more than $100) but I don’t have any. Or, I’d like to get store credit. What?? 2 c.
    Is he a French or French-French?
    b. D. D. O. R. O. E. B., P. I. T. I. V I’m not UP-up. I am up, I’m just not UP. ()
    e. What does it feel like? f.
    n. My car isn’t mine, it’s my parents’.
    g. g. r. g. g. g. We are not all part together. Uh oh we’re not all life together.

    (…)

    The semantic effect of this construction is to focus the denotation of the reduplicated element on a more sharply delimited, more specialized, range. In the context in which (1e) was used, AUCKLAND–Auckland denotes the city in New Zealand as opposed to other cities that may happen to have this name.
    (…) This leaves open some vagueness, lack of precision, or ambiguity. CR is used as one way to clarify such situations, by specifying a prototypical denotation of the lexical item in contrast to a potentially more specialized reading. This is clearest when applied to simple nouns: )((B.)#)/(E.)(e.)((e.)(i.)((e.)(p.h.: I.)(L.V.)

    (3) c. She wasn’t a fancy cow, a Hereford or Black Angus or something, just a cow. (…)

    (…)

    This characterization is precisely the informal one given by Horn (1993). He briefly discusses CR (which he labels, following Dray (1987), the ‘double construction’) stating: “As a rough approxroximation, we can say that an expansion of noun is absent. (JG et al., 1995)” ] A: They said that. They were talking about non–nervous, not nervos. They were… , not “really” nervous]]
    (…) Lawrence Horn (p. 1357) (ibid.) c.), in further recent work on CR (which he now calls’lexical cloning ‘), categorizes the semantics of this construction into four types: (a) prototype meaning (which we have already discussed), (b) literal meaning, (c) intensified meaning, and (d) ‘value-added’ meaning. An example of literal meaning appears in (12), where reduplication signals that a literal and rather than euphemistic interpretation of coming in for coffee is

    intended: (12)
    A: How can I have a coffee at the AAP?
    Why don’t we like it too?
    A: Just coffee-coffee, no double meanings for “coffee” – a classic coffee, no double meanings for chocolate – for chocolate and not coffee (for caffeine). ?

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    • 2 answers
    • 428526 votes
  • Asked on February 27, 2021 in Other.

    I couldn’t be present tomorrow, but if the pragmatic context makes sense for the listener. Firstly, it’s correct to say that I couldn’t tomorrow. It will not fly as an example sentence in the English class because the tend to have out of the blue background information, and some modal expressions require background information to be felicitous.

    When the modal verb is in its preterite form, it expresses distance rather than past time. I can’t be present tomorrow and I couldn’t be present tomorrow has a meaning of 2-1. I would explain the difference in means that I could not be present tomorrow. In the second case it could be that they are open to incentives, or that they are trying to dissuade the listener from formally asking them to be present.

    • 1263661 views
    • 3 answers
    • 428946 votes