What is the word for using an attribute of something to refer to the whole thing?

When counting groups, you may take a “head count” wherein the head is used to refer to whole single individuals. I used to think the word was eponymic for some reason but after looking at the definition

a person after whom I discovery, invention, place, etc. What or who is named or thought to be named. Anyname that is formed after a person or a word.

And that is the wrong word to use.

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