Where and how are these statements and their logic based and what is the terminology?

Karl Marx is a teacher

This is a singular membership proposition : a proposition asserting that an individual (in this case Karl) is member of a category (teachers)

Pigeons are birds. They work in a comma. They are part of a group of species the same bird.

Also,

all pigeons are birds.

This is an A-form categorical proposition : a proposition asserting that all of the members of one category, the subject term (pigeons), are included in another class, the predicate term (birds).

In logic, a predicate in this example is the function “is a bird”, which takes an individual as an argument (the subject), and outputs “true”, or “false”. I interpreted this as the logic for a normal logical logic.

There are 4 standard forms of categorical propositions:

• A-form -All are P in mathematics.
• E-form : No S are P.
• I-form is the system when many S are P. Some form are the system can be N.
• Some S are not P. In some forms, O = form H is P. In C, some form or M is O.

Quantity : A-form and E-form categorical propositions are universal, I-form and O-form categorical propositions are particular (or existential ).

Query quality : A-form and I-form categorical propositions are affirmative, E-form and O-form categorical propositions are negative.

Karl Schroff is a teacher.

Pigeons are birds.

What is a predicative on the grammar used in a sentences consist of a subject (“Karl”, “Pigeons”), a copula (“are”, “is”) and predicative complement (“a teacher”, “birds”).

Can a subject and a predicative complement be much longer than just a noun? A predicative complement can be any adjective word.

Where and how are these statements and their logic based and what is the terminology?

Karl Marx is a teacher

This is a singular membership proposition : a proposition asserting that an individual (in this case Karl) is member of a category (teachers)

Pigeons are birds. They work in a comma. They are part of a group of species the same bird.

Also,

all pigeons are birds.

This is an A-form categorical proposition : a proposition asserting that all of the members of one category, the subject term (pigeons), are included in another class, the predicate term (birds).

In logic, a predicate in this example is the function “is a bird”, which takes an individual as an argument (the subject), and outputs “true”, or “false”. I interpreted this as the logic for a normal logical logic.

There are 4 standard forms of categorical propositions:

• A-form -All are P in mathematics.
• E-form : No S are P.
• I-form is the system when many S are P. Some form are the system can be N.
• Some S are not P. In some forms, O = form H is P. In C, some form or M is O.

Quantity : A-form and E-form categorical propositions are universal, I-form and O-form categorical propositions are particular (or existential ).

Query quality : A-form and I-form categorical propositions are affirmative, E-form and O-form categorical propositions are negative.

Karl Schroff is a teacher.

Pigeons are birds.

What is a predicative on the grammar used in a sentences consist of a subject (“Karl”, “Pigeons”), a copula (“are”, “is”) and predicative complement (“a teacher”, “birds”).

Can a subject and a predicative complement be much longer than just a noun? A predicative complement can be any adjective word.

Where and how are these statements and their logic based and what is the terminology?

Karl Marx is a teacher

This is a singular membership proposition : a proposition asserting that an individual (in this case Karl) is member of a category (teachers)

Pigeons are birds. They work in a comma. They are part of a group of species the same bird.

Also,

all pigeons are birds.

This is an A-form categorical proposition : a proposition asserting that all of the members of one category, the subject term (pigeons), are included in another class, the predicate term (birds).

In logic, a predicate in this example is the function “is a bird”, which takes an individual as an argument (the subject), and outputs “true”, or “false”. I interpreted this as the logic for a normal logical logic.

There are 4 standard forms of categorical propositions:

• A-form -All are P in mathematics.
• E-form : No S are P.
• I-form is the system when many S are P. Some form are the system can be N.
• Some S are not P. In some forms, O = form H is P. In C, some form or M is O.

Quantity : A-form and E-form categorical propositions are universal, I-form and O-form categorical propositions are particular (or existential ).

Query quality : A-form and I-form categorical propositions are affirmative, E-form and O-form categorical propositions are negative.

Karl Schroff is a teacher.

Pigeons are birds.

What is a predicative on the grammar used in a sentences consist of a subject (“Karl”, “Pigeons”), a copula (“are”, “is”) and predicative complement (“a teacher”, “birds”).

Can a subject and a predicative complement be much longer than just a noun? A predicative complement can be any adjective word.

Where and how are these statements and their logic based and what is the terminology?

Karl Marx is a teacher

This is a singular membership proposition : a proposition asserting that an individual (in this case Karl) is member of a category (teachers)

Pigeons are birds. They work in a comma. They are part of a group of species the same bird.

Also,

all pigeons are birds.

This is an A-form categorical proposition : a proposition asserting that all of the members of one category, the subject term (pigeons), are included in another class, the predicate term (birds).

In logic, a predicate in this example is the function “is a bird”, which takes an individual as an argument (the subject), and outputs “true”, or “false”. I interpreted this as the logic for a normal logical logic.

There are 4 standard forms of categorical propositions:

• A-form -All are P in mathematics.
• E-form : No S are P.
• I-form is the system when many S are P. Some form are the system can be N.
• Some S are not P. In some forms, O = form H is P. In C, some form or M is O.

Quantity : A-form and E-form categorical propositions are universal, I-form and O-form categorical propositions are particular (or existential ).

Query quality : A-form and I-form categorical propositions are affirmative, E-form and O-form categorical propositions are negative.

Karl Schroff is a teacher.

Pigeons are birds.

What is a predicative on the grammar used in a sentences consist of a subject (“Karl”, “Pigeons”), a copula (“are”, “is”) and predicative complement (“a teacher”, “birds”).

Can a subject and a predicative complement be much longer than just a noun? A predicative complement can be any adjective word.

Where and how are these statements and their logic based and what is the terminology?

Karl Marx is a teacher

This is a singular membership proposition : a proposition asserting that an individual (in this case Karl) is member of a category (teachers)

Pigeons are birds. They work in a comma. They are part of a group of species the same bird.

Also,

all pigeons are birds.

This is an A-form categorical proposition : a proposition asserting that all of the members of one category, the subject term (pigeons), are included in another class, the predicate term (birds).

In logic, a predicate in this example is the function “is a bird”, which takes an individual as an argument (the subject), and outputs “true”, or “false”. I interpreted this as the logic for a normal logical logic.

There are 4 standard forms of categorical propositions:

• A-form -All are P in mathematics.
• E-form : No S are P.
• I-form is the system when many S are P. Some form are the system can be N.
• Some S are not P. In some forms, O = form H is P. In C, some form or M is O.

Quantity : A-form and E-form categorical propositions are universal, I-form and O-form categorical propositions are particular (or existential ).

Query quality : A-form and I-form categorical propositions are affirmative, E-form and O-form categorical propositions are negative.

Karl Schroff is a teacher.

Pigeons are birds.

What is a predicative on the grammar used in a sentences consist of a subject (“Karl”, “Pigeons”), a copula (“are”, “is”) and predicative complement (“a teacher”, “birds”).

Can a subject and a predicative complement be much longer than just a noun? A predicative complement can be any adjective word.