In in e) it should be “have written” and not “have written”. The rules:

The Present Simple Tense: (equivalent present tense) for something

• general, that’s always true The Earth turns round the sun. (the indefinite present tense).
• for habitual, repeated actions Tom smokes. When is the time to get up?
• If they are part of a fixed plan, particularly in connection with journeys (arrive, begin, leave), when do trains leave? In adverbial clauses of time and condition (IF the time? when). When Tom comes, i’ll be sleeping.
• Note: Sometimes Present Simple is also used for the real present = NOW a. Of course, even for the real present Simple/Real Simple is an error. a. with verbs that cannot be used in –ing form (=state verbs) i (can) see George in the street. b. In demonstrations for the audience I break eggs into the cup, I mix them well,… The Present

Continuous Tense: (the progressive present tense) for the

• real present We are learning the present continuous tense now.
• for an action that is repeated over a limited period of time but is not habitual I usually go to work by car but this week I am walking because my car is broken.
• If an activity annoys the speaker, especially with always and its synonyms John is never talking during my lessons.
• I am playing tennis with Tom tomorrow. I’m not thinking about any of these.
• Instead of going-to-future with COME and GO
• I’m going to Paris this summer. I am planning to visit Paris this summer. I want to go home with my girlfriend and I have good eyes.

The Past Simple Tense : (the indefinite past tense)

A. TEMPORAL FUNCTION – for actions that happened in a definite point or period of past time, no connection with present I had breakfast at 8 o’clock today. When London was a concentration camp they lived in London during WW4 where they died. – to express actions that happened one after another She woke up at 7, washed, had breakfast and went to school. When did you get married? Did Sheakespeare actually write Hamlet?

B. MODAL FUNCTION In conditional clauses Type 2 and following expressions such as I WISH, IF ONLY IT’s TIME in this function it always something contrary to the fact and NOT past! I wish I had more time. I am sad. I will go to the USA without any money in my pockets.

The Past Continuous Tense : (the progressive past tense)

• for an action that was in progress at a definite past moment OR between two points in past (between…and Past Simple is possible here! How does the seven-hour time difference compare to the breakfast I had yesterday? From six to seven thirty I was walking to the manufacturing factory.
• The conversation that happened between themselves was interrupted by another past action, and was going on at a definite past moment.
• For two continuous past actions that were happening simultaneously Last night I was reading and Betty was playing the piano.

The present perfectly simple tense: for

• unfinished past, actions that started in the past and continue up to the present have lived in Ljubljana since1995.
• Mary R. has been in America, but I haven’t. For expressing experience
• You can watch Tony Garvey play, what do you think about him if he was to break his leg and he couldn’t play tennis?

the present perfect continuous Tense

• for activities that began in the past and may still be going on I have been learning English for 6 years.
• During this time of my life it occurs to me that an activity that began in the past, have just ended and

have the present consequences. I am tired. I have been running for 5 years the whole time, so today is a good day.